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音頻科普：把微生物留在了祖國的美國移民
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音頻科普：把微生物留在了祖國的美國移民?
?Immigrants to the U.S. lose their native mix of gut microbes almost immediately after arriving in the U.S.—which researchers can't quite explain.移民至美國的人，幾乎在他們抵達(dá)美國的那一刻就遺失了他們自帶的腸道微生物——研究者無法完全解釋清楚這個(gè)現(xiàn)象。
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撰文\播音：克里斯托弗?因塔利亞塔（Christopher Intagliata）
翻譯：陳美娟
審校：許楠
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Immigrants to the U.S. might lose touch with certain customs and traditions back home. But here's something else they lose:?their microbes.?
美國移民可能會(huì)失去與家鄉(xiāng)的某些習(xí)俗和傳統(tǒng)的接觸。同時(shí)，他們還失去了一樣?xùn)|西：體內(nèi)的微生物。
"When they came to the U.S. almost immediately they began losing their native microbes." Dan Knights, a computational biologist at the University of Minnesota. "And over time the balance shifted to the point where they were dominated by the?U.S. associated microbes."
“當(dāng)他們到達(dá)美國的那一刻，就開始失去本有的微生物種類。”丹?奈茨（Dan Knights）是一名來自明尼蘇達(dá)大學(xué)的計(jì)算生物學(xué)家。“隨著時(shí)間流逝，與美國相關(guān)的微生物會(huì)主導(dǎo)菌群平衡。”
He's referring to first- and second-generation immigrant women, from the Hmong and Karen ethnic minorities in southeast Asia. His team sequenced the DNA found in their feces.
他引用了來自東南亞少數(shù)民族群體中苗族和喀倫族的第一和第二代女性移民的數(shù)據(jù)。研究團(tuán)隊(duì)對她們糞便中的DNA進(jìn)行了測序。
And they saw that there was an immediate decline in the number and?diversity of gut microbes?among the immigrants, compared to their counterparts still living back home. And the decline continued over time.
他們觀察到，與留在家鄉(xiāng)的人相比，移民群體中腸道菌群的數(shù)量和多樣性有明顯降低。而且降低的程度會(huì)隨著時(shí)間的推移而加深。
If you're thinking, well, maybe the women just switched up their diets - started eating more hamburgers, more bacon and eggs? Dietary surveys don't bear that out. The women weren't changing their diets nearly fast enough to explain the drop in diversity.?
如果你在想，好吧，也許僅僅因?yàn)檫@些女性改變了飲食習(xí)慣了——例如開始多吃漢堡包，培根，雞蛋呢？飲食上的變化并不能造成這點(diǎn)。這些女性改變飲食習(xí)慣的速度沒有快到足以解釋微生物多樣性下降的地步。
"It seems as though there's something else going on that has to do with the U.S. lifestyle… Antibiotics could be playing a role. The water supply could be playing a role. Could be other aspects of lifestyle, stress, exercise, hygiene. But we don't have enough information yet to be able to pin it down."?
“看或許與美國人的生活方式有關(guān)……抗生素可能起到一定作用。水供應(yīng)情況起到一定作用。也有可能與生活方式的其他方面有關(guān)，如壓力，鍛煉和衛(wèi)生情況。但我們沒有足夠信息來鎖定具體是哪個(gè)原因。”
The results are in the journal?Cell. [Pajau Vangay et al.,?US Immigration Westernizes the Human Gut Microbiome]?
這項(xiàng)研究結(jié)論發(fā)表在《細(xì)胞》雜志上。
Some of the missing microbes helped digest traditional foods like tamarind, palm and coconut. But the consequences could be more severe than indigestion. "We have evidence from many studies now, especially even causal evidence in a number of animal studies, that having the wrong set of microbes, or missing the right set of microbes, can cause many of the diseases that are rising in industrialized nations." Things like obesity, metabolic disease.?
某些失去的微生物能夠幫助消化如酸豆、棕櫚和椰子這類傳統(tǒng)食物。但是微生物種類多樣性下降可能會(huì)引起比消化不良更嚴(yán)重的后果。“我們現(xiàn)在已經(jīng)從許多研究，尤其是從大量動(dòng)物實(shí)驗(yàn)得到了平均因果證據(jù)，結(jié)果表明，微生物組成錯(cuò)誤，或者說失去了正確的微生物群組合的話，會(huì)導(dǎo)致工業(yè)化國家多種疾病發(fā)生率升高。”例如肥胖、代謝性疾病等等。
Which we might be able to fix, he says, if we're able to solve this microbial mystery.
但奈茨說，如果我們能夠解開微生物的謎團(tuán)的話，我們便能夠解決這些問題。
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?Immigrants to the U.S. lose their native mix of gut microbes almost immediately after arriving in the U.S.—which researchers can't quite explain.移民至美國的人，幾乎在他們抵達(dá)美國的那一刻就遺失了他們自帶的腸道微生物——研究者無法完全解釋清楚這個(gè)現(xiàn)象。
?
撰文\播音：克里斯托弗?因塔利亞塔（Christopher Intagliata）
翻譯：陳美娟
審校：許楠
?
Immigrants to the U.S. might lose touch with certain customs and traditions back home. But here's something else they lose:?their microbes.?
美國移民可能會(huì)失去與家鄉(xiāng)的某些習(xí)俗和傳統(tǒng)的接觸。同時(shí)，他們還失去了一樣?xùn)|西：體內(nèi)的微生物。
"When they came to the U.S. almost immediately they began losing their native microbes." Dan Knights, a computational biologist at the University of Minnesota. "And over time the balance shifted to the point where they were dominated by the?U.S. associated microbes."
“當(dāng)他們到達(dá)美國的那一刻，就開始失去本有的微生物種類。”丹?奈茨（Dan Knights）是一名來自明尼蘇達(dá)大學(xué)的計(jì)算生物學(xué)家。“隨著時(shí)間流逝，與美國相關(guān)的微生物會(huì)主導(dǎo)菌群平衡。”
He's referring to first- and second-generation immigrant women, from the Hmong and Karen ethnic minorities in southeast Asia. His team sequenced the DNA found in their feces.
他引用了來自東南亞少數(shù)民族群體中苗族和喀倫族的第一和第二代女性移民的數(shù)據(jù)。研究團(tuán)隊(duì)對她們糞便中的DNA進(jìn)行了測序。
And they saw that there was an immediate decline in the number and?diversity of gut microbes?among the immigrants, compared to their counterparts still living back home. And the decline continued over time.
他們觀察到，與留在家鄉(xiāng)的人相比，移民群體中腸道菌群的數(shù)量和多樣性有明顯降低。而且降低的程度會(huì)隨著時(shí)間的推移而加深。
If you're thinking, well, maybe the women just switched up their diets - started eating more hamburgers, more bacon and eggs? Dietary surveys don't bear that out. The women weren't changing their diets nearly fast enough to explain the drop in diversity.?
如果你在想，好吧，也許僅僅因?yàn)檫@些女性改變了飲食習(xí)慣了——例如開始多吃漢堡包，培根，雞蛋呢？飲食上的變化并不能造成這點(diǎn)。這些女性改變飲食習(xí)慣的速度沒有快到足以解釋微生物多樣性下降的地步。
"It seems as though there's something else going on that has to do with the U.S. lifestyle… Antibiotics could be playing a role. The water supply could be playing a role. Could be other aspects of lifestyle, stress, exercise, hygiene. But we don't have enough information yet to be able to pin it down."?
“看或許與美國人的生活方式有關(guān)……抗生素可能起到一定作用。水供應(yīng)情況起到一定作用。也有可能與生活方式的其他方面有關(guān)，如壓力，鍛煉和衛(wèi)生情況。但我們沒有足夠信息來鎖定具體是哪個(gè)原因。”
The results are in the journal?Cell. [Pajau Vangay et al.,?US Immigration Westernizes the Human Gut Microbiome]?
這項(xiàng)研究結(jié)論發(fā)表在《細(xì)胞》雜志上。
Some of the missing microbes helped digest traditional foods like tamarind, palm and coconut. But the consequences could be more severe than indigestion. "We have evidence from many studies now, especially even causal evidence in a number of animal studies, that having the wrong set of microbes, or missing the right set of microbes, can cause many of the diseases that are rising in industrialized nations." Things like obesity, metabolic disease.?
某些失去的微生物能夠幫助消化如酸豆、棕櫚和椰子這類傳統(tǒng)食物。但是微生物種類多樣性下降可能會(huì)引起比消化不良更嚴(yán)重的后果。“我們現(xiàn)在已經(jīng)從許多研究，尤其是從大量動(dòng)物實(shí)驗(yàn)得到了平均因果證據(jù)，結(jié)果表明，微生物組成錯(cuò)誤，或者說失去了正確的微生物群組合的話，會(huì)導(dǎo)致工業(yè)化國家多種疾病發(fā)生率升高。”例如肥胖、代謝性疾病等等。
Which we might be able to fix, he says, if we're able to solve this microbial mystery.
但奈茨說，如果我們能夠解開微生物的謎團(tuán)的話，我們便能夠解決這些問題。
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